|
The Crimean Peninsula (at the time known as ''Taurica'') was under partial control of the Roman Empire during the period of 47 BCE to c. 340 CE. The territory under Roman control mostly coincided with the Bosporan Kingdom (although under Nero, from 62 to 68 CE; it was briefly attached to the Roman Province of Moesia Inferior).〔(Bosporus: Roman control of ancient Crimea )〕 Rome lost its influence in Taurica in the mid third century, when substantial parts of the peninsula fell to the Goths, but at least nominally the kingdom survived until the 340s. Byzantium, the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, later regained the Crimea under Justinian I. The Byzantine Greeks controlled portions of the peninsula well into the Late Middle Ages. ==Roman Empire== Rome started to dominate the Crimea peninsula (then called ''Taurica'') in the 1st century BCE. The initial area of their penetration was mainly in eastern Crimea (Bosporus kingdom) and in the western Greek city of Chersonesos.〔(Romans in Chersonesos )〕 The interior was only nominally under Roman rule.〔(Romans in Taurus mountains )〕 In ancient times Crimea was known as "Chersonesus Taurica", from the name of the Tauri, who were descendants of the Cimmerians. Many Greek colonists settled in Taurica: their most renowned colony was Chersonesos. In 114 BCE the Bosporus kingdom accepted the overlordship of Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, as a protection from tribes of Scythians. For nearly five centuries after the defeat of Mithridates by the Roman Pompey, Crimea was under the suzerainty of Rome. The main Roman settlement was Charax, a castrum probably built around 60–65, and the main naval Roman base was in Chersonesos. When the Romans arrived at Taurica, they set up their camp and built a fortress and a temple of Jupiter Dolichenus on the coast of the harbor of Balaklava, then called ''Symbolon Limen''.〔(Symbolon Limen )〕 Tiberius Julius Aspurgus (8 BCE – 38) founded a line of Bosporan Kings which endured with some interruptions until 341. Originally called Aspurgus, he adopted the Roman names "Tiberius Julius" because he received Roman citizenship and enjoyed the patronage of the first two Roman Emperors, Augustus and Tiberius. All of the following kings adopted these two Roman names followed by a third name, mostly of Pontic, Thracian or Sarmatian origin. Bosporan kings struck coinage throughout the kingdom period, which included gold staters bearing portraits of the respective Roman Emperors. In 67, Emperor Nero prepared a military expedition to conquer for Rome all the northern shores of the Black sea from Georgia-Azerbaijan to what is now Romania-Moldavia, but his death stopped the project. For this reason he probably put Taurica under direct Roman rule and created the Charax castrum.〔Marco Bais. ''Albania caucasica: ethnos, storia, territorio attraverso le fonti greche, latine e armene'' p. 86〕 He extended the Roman province of Lower Moesia to Tyras, Olbia and Taurica (the peninsula of Crimea). Taurica enjoyed a relative golden period under Roman leadership during the 2nd century CE, with huge commerce of wheat, clothing, wine and slaves. The region was temporarily conquered by the Goths in 250. The last client king of the Roman Empire in Taurica was Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis VI, who died in 342. Rhescuporis seems to have minted coins as late as 341, indicating that there was some extent of political control over the remnants of the kingdom at this point. The remnants of the Bosporan kingdom were finally swept away with the invasion of the Huns in 375/6. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Crimea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|